Flanges: A Crucial Link muPiping Systems
Munyika yakaoma yepombi masisitimu, kukosha kweflange hakugone kuwedzeredzwa. Kushanda senzira yakakosha yekubatanidza, flanges inobatanidza mapaipi, mavharuvhu, pombi, uye midziyo, kwete chete kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kusina musono asiwo kugonesa kuwana nyore kwekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa. Nzira mbiri dzekutanga dzekugadzira izvi zvinongedzo dzinomira pachena: welding uye screwing. Iwo mashiripiti anoitika kana maflange maviri akasungwa zvakachengeteka pamwe chete negasket rakanyatsoiswa, kugadzira mubatanidzwa wakasimba uchisimbisa chisimbiso chisina mhepo.
Diving muFlange Types uye Mashandisirwo Avo
Mukati maindasitiri akasiyana sePetro nemakemikari, flanges inotora zvakasiyana-siyana, imwe neimwe yakarongedzwa kune chaiyo maapplication uye zvinodiwa. Ngationgororei mamwe emhando dzinozivikanwa dzeflange dzakashandura kubatana kwemaindasitiri:
- Welding Neck Flange: Iyi flange yakasiyana, inozivikanwa nokuda kwesimba rayo rinoshamisa uye kugara kwenguva refu, inowanzosarudzwa nokuda kwekushandiswa kwepamusoro-soro. Mutsipa, yakareba uye yakasungirirwa papombi, inoderedza kushushikana kwekushushikana uye inowedzera kuyerera kwemvura.
- Slip-On Flange: Yakakwana kumamiriro ezvinhu apo kuunganidza nokukurumidza kunokosha, iyo slip-on flange inotsvedza papombi isati yaiswa panzvimbo. Kureruka kwayo kwekugadzika kunoita kuti ive sarudzo yakakurumbira mune zvisinganyanyi kudiwa mamiriro.
- Socket Weld Flange: Paunenge uchibata zvine mwero kumanikidza uye tembiricha, socket weld flange inopenya. Socket yaro yakadzoserwa inogashira kupera kwepombi, zvichiita kuti pave nekubatana kwakatsetseka uye kwakachena.
- Threaded Flange: Zvekushandisa uko welding isingaite, threaded flanges inopinda mukati. Nekubatana netambo dzepombi, vanopa mhinduro yakavimbika kune yakaderera-kumanikidza kubatana.
- Blind Flange: Paunenge uchida kuvhara magumo epiping system, iyo bofu flange inopinda mukutamba. Ndiro yayo yakasimba isina gomba repakati inodzivirira kuyerera, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha pakugadzirisa uye kuongororwa.
- Lap Joint Flange: Nepo isingaratidzi yakasimudzwa flange face kufanana nevamwe vayo, iyo lap joint flange inopa kuchinjika nekubvumira kurongeka kuri nyore kwemaburi emabhoti. Iyo isarudzo yakanaka kune masisitimu anoda kubviswa nguva dzose.
Kufumura Zvinhu Zvakasiyana-siyana zveFlanges
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zveflange ndeyekutamba kwakapfava kunosanganisira kuenderana nepombi uye mamiriro ekushanda. Zvinhu zvakajairika sesimbi isina tsvina, simbi yakakandwa, aluminium, uye forged kabhoni simbi imwe neimwe inounza yavo yakasiyana zvivakwa patafura. Asi handiwo magumo enyaya. Flanges inogonawo kusanganisira zvinhu zvakasiyana zvemukati, kugadzira izvo zvinozivikanwa se “lined flanges.” Iyi nzira yekuvandudza inosimudzira kuenderana neakasiyana-siyana uye inowedzera kuwanda kwekushandisa.
Navigating Standards: ASME uye ASTM
Munyika yeflanges, kuomerera kumipimo kwakakosha. IAmerican Society yeMechanical Engineers (ASME) uye American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) isa mabhenji ezviyero uye hunhu hwenyama, zvichiteerana.
- ASME B16.5: Iyi chiyero inotsanangura zvine hungwaru zviyero zveflanges, kuve nechokwadi chekufanana muindasitiri yese. Ndiyo kambasi inotungamira mainjiniya mukugadzira maflange ekubatanidza anokwana segirovhosi.
- ASTM Materials Standards: ASTM inopindira kutsanangura hunhu hunodiwa kugadzirwa kweflange. Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu hakusisiri kupfura murima, asi chisarudzo chinonyatsoziva chinotsigirwa nemitemo yakaoma.
Chiono Chinooneka: Welding Neck Flange mu Focus
Ngatitarisei zvakanyanya kune chaiyo flange mhando: iyo Welding Neck Flange. Fungidzira Welding Neck flange ine NPS (Nominal Pipe Size) ye 6, weClass 150, uye kutevedzera Chirongwa 40 yeASME B16.5. Iyi flange inoratidza kunyatsotarisisa kune zvakadzama izvo ASME zviyero zvinounza patafura. Heino mermaid dhizaini inoratidza chimiro chayo:
graph TD
A[Flange Face]
B[Hub]
C[Pipe Weld]
D[Flange Neck]
E[Bolt Holes]
A --> B
B --> C
A --> D
B --> E
Iyo yakaoma yeBolted Flange Connections
Bolted flange connections is symphony yezvikamu, imwe neimwe ichiita basa rinokosha mukuchengetedza kuvimbika kwemajoini. Flange design, kusarudzwa kwebhaudhi, gasket sarudzo, process conditions, tembiricha, pressure, uye chimiro chepakati - zvese zvinobatsira mukuoma kwezvibatanidza izvi. Zvisinei, kuwirirana kwe ensemble kunotsamira pane chimwe chinhu chakakosha: kuvakwa kwakabatana kwakarurama.
Simba reClamping Force
Pinda makanika pachikuva chegungano. Sezvo maflange nemabhaudhi zvinouya pamwechete, vanogadzira clamping simba - kurova kwemoyo kwekubatana kutendeseka. Kuiswa kwakakodzera nemakanika ane hunyanzvi kunoita kuti simba iri rigovane zvakafanana, kusimbisa kubatana nekukwana. Majoini asingabvire anomira sechiratidzo cheunyanzvi hweunyanzvi pakutamba.
Basa reGasket: Beyond the Obvious
Gaskets, kazhinji anoonekwa seanonyanya kufungidzirwa mumajoini anovuza, buritsa chokwadi chakadzama paunonyatsoongorora. Beyond coordinating components zvakakwana, kubudirira kana kukundikana kwekubatana kweflange kunosungirirwa mukati mekuti gaskets inoiswa sei uye inounganidzwa. Iro dhanzi rakashongedzwa rechokwadi rinoita kuti mubatanidzwa ushande pasina kurova.
Nyika Yezvinogoneka: Beyond the Basics
Nepo marudzi eflange ambotaurwa achivhara huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa, kune mamwe marudzi akasiyana anoenderana neakasarudzika mamiriro:
- Orifice Flange: Yakagadzirirwa kuyera kuyerera kwemazinga, iyi flange ine maburi akagadzirwa nemachini kuti agone kuyera michina.
- Long Weld Neck Flange: Inozivikanwa nekurebesa mutsipa, iyi flange inoderedza kushushikana panzvimbo yekubatanidza uye inofarirwa mune yakakwirira-kudzvinyirira masisitimu.
- Expander Flange: Kana shanduko pakati pehukuru hwepombi inodiwa, iyo expander flange inorerutsa maitiro, kuve nechokwadi chekuyerera kwakatsetseka.
- Pane flange: Kubatanidza maitiro ehuro weld uye slip-on flange, iyo Nipo flange inopa kuita kwakasiyana-siyana mukuisa uye kugadzirisa.
- Kuderedza Flange: Kugadzirisa kudiwa kwekuchinja kwedhayamita, iyo inoderedza flange inobatanidza mapaipi ehukuru hwakasiyana pasina musono.
- Pad Flange: Zvekusungirira midziyo yakaita sepressure instruments, iyo pad flange inopa nzvimbo yakatsaurirwa pasina kukanganisa kutendeseka kwemubatanidzwa.
Flange Face Matters: Inyanzvi Yekuisa Chisimbiso
Gasket sealing chinhu chakakosha chinokanganiswa nemhando yeflange uye chiso chayo. Nepo zviyero zvakawanda zvekubatana kweflange, vamwe vavo vakasungwa kazhinji havana nhungamiro dzakadaro. Apa ndipo panopinda hunyanzvi hweinjiniya, kuita sarudzo pakati pekubatanidza flange uye welded iyo yakaverengerwa sarudzo.
Kurova Pakuenzanisa: Kubudirira vs. Kuita
Mafekitari matsva ari kutungamira kure nekushandiswa kwakawanda kweflange, tichifunga zvinhu zvakaita semutengo uye kugona kwenzvimbo. Kukwezva kweimwe weld inobatanidza mapaipi maviri hazvirambike. Zvisinei, flange connections, zvisinei nekugona kwavo kudonhedza uye kuvharisa nzvimbo, kupa zvakanakira zvisingarambiki. Yakakwenenzverwa kugadzira uye kuderedzwa pa-saiti basa rinovaita inoyevedza sarudzo, nzira imwe neimwe inopa seti yayo yezvakanakira nezvayakaipira.
Mukupedzisa
Nyika yekubatana kweflange ndeye labyrinth yesarudzo, imwe neimwe inotungamira kune yayo yega mhedzisiro. Rwendo kubva pakusarudzwa kwezvinhu kuenda pakuvaka kwakabatana inzira ine hunyanzvi inoda ruzivo rwenyanzvi uye nemazvo. Kuburikidza nekutevedzera mitemo, kunzwisisa nuances yekuisa gasket, uye kushandisa simba re clamping force, leak-isina flange kubatana kunova chokwadi. Mukutamba kwakaoma uku kweinjiniya, nzira dzose