I-flange yi-rim ephumayo okanye incam esetyenziselwa ukudibanisa imibhobho emibini, iivalve, okanye ezinye izixhobo kunye. Ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngentsimbi kwaye yenzelwe ukubonelela ngoqhagamshelwano olukhuselekileyo kunye nobungqina bokuvuza. Iiflange zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zombhobho ukuvumela ukudibanisa lula kunye nokuchithwa kwezixhobo, ngokunjalo nokubonelela ngofikelelo lokuhlolwa, ukucoca, kunye nokugcina. Ziza ngokweemilo kunye nobukhulu obahlukeneyo, kwaye ingenziwa ngokwezifiso ukuze ilingane izicelo ezithile. Iiflange ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezininzi zoshishino, kuquka ioli kunye negesi, ukusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali, ukuveliswa kwamandla, kunye nonyango lwamanzi.
Iiflange zihlala zincanyathiselwe kwiziphelo zemibhobho okanye izixhobo ezisebenzisa iibholiti okanye i-welding. Zenzelwe ukumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye namaqondo obushushu, kwaye zihlala zenziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-carbon steel, yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo, okanye intsimbi yentsimbi. Iiflange zinokuthi zigqunywe okanye zifakwe kwizinto ezifana nerabha okanye iplastiki ukunika ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo ngokuchasene nokubola kunye nokunxiba.. Ukongeza ekusebenziseni kwabo kwiinkqubo zemibhobho, iiflange zikwasetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezinye izicelo, kubandakanywa kushishino lweemoto, ishishini lomoya, kunye noshishino lokwakha.
Iintlobo zeeFlanges
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeflange, nganye inoyilo nenjongo yayo eyodwa. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zeeflange ziquka i-weld neck flanges, i-slip-on flanges, socket weld flanges, lap joint flanges, iiflange ezinemisonto, kunye neeflange ezingaboniyo. I-Weld neck flanges yenzelwe ukuba idityaniswe ukuya ekupheleni kombhobho okanye ukulinganisa, kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizicelo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu. I-slip-on flanges yenzelwe ukutyibilika ekupheleni kombhobho okanye ukufakwa, kwaye ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo zoxinzelelo oluphantsi. Iiflange ze-socket weld zifana ne-weld neck flanges, kodwa ube nebhobho encinci kwaye yenzelwe ukuba idityaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kumbhobho. I-Lap joint flanges isetyenziswa kwizicelo apho ukuchithwa rhoqo kuyadingeka, njengoko zinokulungelelaniswa ngokulula kwaye zidityaniswe kunye. Iiflange ezinemisonto zinemisonto ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweflange, ukuzivumela ukuba zikrwelwe kumbhobho okanye ukufakela. Iiflange eziyimfama zisetyenziselwa ukuvala ukuphela kombhobho okanye ukufakwa, kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizicelo apho ulwandiso lwexesha elizayo lulindelwe.
Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo eziqhelekileyo zeeflange, kukho kwakhona iiflange ezikhethekileyo eziyilelwe usetyenziso oluthile. Umzekelo, ii-orifice flanges zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa isantya sokuhamba kolwelo kwinkqubo yemibhobho, ngelixa i-spectacle blinds isetyenziselwa ukwahlula amacandelo enkqubo yokubhobhoza ukugcinwa okanye ukulungiswa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lweflange olusetyenziswayo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihambelana ngokufanelekileyo nombhobho okanye ifakelwe idityaniswe kuyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe uqhagamshelo olukhuselekileyo kunye nobungqina bokuvuza..
Izinto zeFlange kunye neMigangatho
Iiflange zenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo, kuquka intsimbi yekhabhoni, yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo, intsimbi yengxubevange, kunye nezinye iintsimbi. Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zesicelo, kuquka izinto ezifana noxinzelelo, ubushushu, ukumelana nomhlwa, kunye neendleko. Ukongeza kwizinto ezisisiseko, iiflange zisenokugqunywa okanye zifakwe izinto ezifana nerabha okanye iplastiki ukunika ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo ekudlekeni nasekunxibeni.. Ukukhethwa kwemathiriyeli yeflange ngokuqhelekileyo ilawulwa yimigangatho yoshishino efana ne-ASME B16.5 yeeflange zemibhobho kunye nofakelo oluphothiweyo., echaza imilinganiselo, ukunyamezelana, izixhobo, kunye neemfuno zokuvavanya iiflange ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zombhobho.
Ukongeza kwimigangatho yoshishino, kukwakho nemigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe elawula ukuyilwa kunye nokwenziwa kweeflange. Umzekelo, uMbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe wokuMiswa koMgangatho (ISO) iphuhlise imigangatho efana ne-ISO 7005-1 kwiiflange zentsimbi kunye ne-ISO 7005-2 kwiiflange zentsimbi. Le migangatho ibonelela ngezikhokelo zoyilo, imilinganiselo, izixhobo, kunye neemfuno zovavanyo lweeflange ezisetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela. Ngokubambelela kule migangatho, abavelisi banokuqinisekisa ukuba iiflange zabo zihlangabezana neemfuno eziyimfuneko zokhuseleko, ukusebenza, kunye nokuthembeka.
INdibano yeFlange kunye noFakelo
Indibano yeFlange kunye nofakelo linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwenkqubo yemibhobho. Xa uhlanganisa uxhumano lwe-flange, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubuso be-flange bucocekile kwaye bukhululekile kuzo naziphi na iziphene okanye umonakalo. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa ibrashi yocingo okanye i-abrasive pad ukususa nabuphi na ubumdaka, umhlwa, okanye isikali ukusuka kwindawo yokukhwelana. Xa ubuso bucocekile, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-gasket ihambelana ngokufanelekileyo kunye nemingxuma ye-bolt ebusweni be-flange. Oku kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa isitywina esifanelekileyo xa iibholiti ziqinisiwe.
Xa ufaka uxhumano lwe-flange, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa uhlobo oluchanekileyo kunye nobukhulu beebholiti kunye namantongomane. Iibholithi kufuneka ziqiniswe kulandelelwano oluthile kunye nexabiso le-torque ethile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-gasket ixinzelelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye uqhagamshelwano aluvuzi.. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iibholiti ziqiniswe ngokulinganayo ukukhusela ukulayisha okungalinganiyo kwi-gasket kunye nokuvuza okunokwenzeka.. Ukongeza kwiinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokuqinisa iibholiti, Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubuso be-flange bulungelelaniswe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye buhambelana omnye nomnye ukwenzela ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka okanye umonakalo kwi-gasket..
Izicelo zeFlange
Iiflange zisetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo kumashishini amaninzi ahlukeneyo. Kwishishini leoli kunye negesi, iiflange zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa imibhobho, iivalve, kunye nezinye izixhobo zokucoca, izityalo zepetrochemical, kunye namaqonga okomba onxweme. Kwishishini lokulungisa imichiza, iiflange zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iinqanawa, ii-reactors, iimpompo, kunye nezinye izixhobo kwizityalo zemichiza kunye neendawo zokuvelisa. Kwishishini lokuvelisa amandla, iiflange zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iiinjini zomphunga, iibhoyila, abatshintshi bobushushu, kunye nezinye izixhobo kumaziko ombane kunye nezibonelelo zamandla. Kwishishini lokucoca amanzi, iiflange zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa imibhobho, iimpompo, iivalve, kunye nezinye izixhobo kumaziko okucoca amanzi kunye neenkqubo zokuhambisa.
Ukongeza kwezi zicelo zoshishino, iiflange zikwasetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zamanye amashishini kunye nezicelo. Umzekelo, zisetyenziselwa ushishino lweemoto ukudibanisa iinkqubo zokukhupha kunye nezixhobo ze-injini, kwishishini le-aerospace ukudibanisa imigca yamafutha kunye neenkqubo ze-hydraulic, kunye nakwishishini lokwakha ukudibanisa iinkqubo ze-HVAC kunye nokulungiswa kwemibhobho. Nokuba sisiphi na isicelo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba uhlobo oluchanekileyo lweflange lukhethelwe iimfuno ezithile zesicelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe uqhagamshelo olukhuselekileyo nobungqina bokuvuza..
Iingxaki zeFlange eziqhelekileyo kunye nezisombululo
Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kwazo kwiinkqubo zemibhobho, iiflange zinokufumana iingxaki ezahlukeneyo ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwazo kunye nokuthembeka. Enye ingxaki eqhelekileyo kukuvuza kunxibelelwano lweflange, enokuthi ibangelwe yimiba efana nokukhethwa kwe-gasket engafanelekanga okanye ukufakela, ukuqiniswa kwebholithi engalinganiyo, okanye umonakalo kwi-flange ubuso. Ukulungisa lo mba, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela uxhulumaniso lwe-flange nayiphi na imiqondiso yokuvuza kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okulungisa njengoko kuyimfuneko. Oku kunokubandakanya ukutshintshwa kwegasket ngesixhobo esifanelekileyo okanye uyilo, ukuqinisa kwakhona iibholithi ngokulandelelana okuthe ngqo kunye nexabiso letorque, okanye ukulungisa nawuphi na umonakalo kubuso beflange.
Enye ingxaki eqhelekileyo ngeeflange kukuhlwa okanye ukukhukuliseka kweendawo zokukhwelana, enokukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kokutywinwa kunye nokuvuza okunokwenzeka. Oku kunokubangelwa yimiba efana nokuchanabeka kwiikhemikhali ezitshabalalisayo okanye isantya sokuhamba kwesantya esiphezulu kwinkqubo yemibhobho.. Ukulungisa lo mba, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinto zeflange ezikwazi ukumelana nokubola okanye ukukhukuliseka, njengentsimbi yentsimbi okanye ialloy steel. Ukwengeza, kunokuba yimfuneko ukufaka iingubo ezikhuselayo okanye iileyile kwindawo yokukhwelana yeflange ukwenzela ukunika ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo kumhlwa okanye ukhukuliseko..
ULondolozo lweFlange kunye neNgqwalasela yoKhuseleko
Ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kweeflange kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwazo kwexesha elide kunye nokuthembeka kwiinkqubo zombhobho. Oku kubandakanya ukuhlolwa rhoqo koqhagamshelwano lweflange ngeempawu zokuvuza, umhlwa, okanye umonakalo, kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okulungisa njengoko kuyimfuneko. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iibholithi ziqiniswe ngokufanelekileyo ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo ukuze kugcinwe uqhagamshelwano olukhuselekileyo nolungenakuvuza.. Ukongeza kwimisebenzi yokugcinwa rhoqo, Kwakhona kubalulekile ukulandela izikhokelo zokhuseleko xa usebenza ngeeflange ukwenzela ukukhusela iingozi okanye ukulimala.
Xa usebenza ngeeflanges, kubalulekile ukunxiba izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela (PPE) ezifana iiglavu, iiglasi zokhuseleko, kunye nokukhuselwa kweendlebe ukuze kukhuselwe kwiingozi ezinokubakho ezifana neencam ezibukhali okanye inkunkuma ephaphazelayo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukulandela iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuphakamisa xa uphethe iiflange ezinzima okanye ezinkulu ukwenzela ukukhusela ubunzima okanye ukulimala.. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abasebenzi abasebenza ngeeflange baqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo kwimisebenzi ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza kunye neenkqubo zokukhusela iingozi okanye ukulimala.. Ngokulandela ezi ngqwalasela zogcino nokhuseleko, kunokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiflanges ziyaqhubeka zisebenza ngokuthembekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo kwiinkqubo zemibhobho kwiminyaka emininzi ezayo.