Iiflange: Ikhonkco elibalulekileyo kwiiNkqubo zemibhobho
Kwihlabathi elintsonkothileyo leenkqubo zombhobho, ukubaluleka kweeflange akunakugqithiswa. Ukukhonza njengendlela ebalulekileyo yoqhagamshelwano, iiflange zidibanisa imibhobho, iivalve, iimpompo, kunye nezixhobo, kungekuphela nje ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokungenamthungo kodwa nokwenza kube lula ukufikelela kulondolozo nokulungiswa. Iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokwenza olu nxibelelwano zivelele: welding kunye screwing. Umlingo wenzeka xa iiflange ezimbini zibotshwe ngokukhuselekileyo kunye negasket ebekwe ngononophelo, ukwenza ijoyinti eyomeleleyo ngelixa uqinisekisa isitywina esingangeni moya.
Ukuntywila kwiintlobo zeFlange kunye nezicelo zazo
Ngaphakathi kumashishini ahlukeneyo njengePetro kunye neekhemikhali, iiflange zithatha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, nganye ilungiselelwe izicelo ezithile kunye neemfuno. Makhe sihlolisise ezinye zezona ntlobo zeflange eziphawulekayo eziye zaguqula uqhagamshelwano lwemizi-mveliso:
- Welding Neck Flange: Olu hlobo lweflange, eyaziwa ngamandla ayo akhethekileyo kunye nokuqina, ihlala ikhethwa kwizicelo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Intamo, nde kwaye welding kumbhobho, kunciphisa uxinzelelo loxinzelelo kunye nokwandisa ukuhamba kwamanzi.
- Slip-On Flange: Ilungele iimeko apho ukudibanisa ngokukhawuleza kubalulekile, i-flange etyibilikayo ityibilika kumbhobho ngaphambi kokuba idityaniswe kwindawo yayo. Ukulula kwayo ukufakela kuyenza ibe lukhetho oludumileyo kwiimeko ezingafunwayo kangako.
- I-Socket Weld Flange: Xa ujongene noxinzelelo oluphakathi kunye namaqondo okushisa, i socket weld flange iyakhazimla. Isokethi yayo ehlaziyiweyo ithatha isiphelo sombhobho, kubangele uqhagamshelwano olugudileyo nolucocekileyo.
- IFlange enemisonto: Kwizicelo apho ukuwelda kungenzeki, iiflange ezinemisonto ziyangena. Ngokuzibandakanya nemisonto yombhobho, banikezela ngesisombululo esithembekileyo soqhagamshelwano oluphantsi loxinzelelo.
- Imfama eyimfama: Xa ufuna ukuvala isiphelo senkqubo yemibhobho, iflange eliyimfama liza kudlala. Ipleyiti yayo eqinileyo engenamngxuma eseziko ithintela ukuhamba, ukuyenza ibe yimfuneko ekugcinweni nasekuhlolweni.
- I-Lap Joint Flange: Ngelixa ingabonakalisi phezulu ubuso beflange njengabalingane bayo, i-lap joint flange inika ukuguquguquka ngokuvumela ulungelelwaniso olulula lwemingxuma yebholiti. Lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwiinkqubo ezifuna ukuchithwa rhoqo.
Ukutyhilwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zeeFlanges
Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kwiiflange ngumdaniso onqabileyo obandakanya ukuhambelana nombhobho kunye neemeko zokusebenza. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ezifana nentsimbi engenasici, Jula i-ayini, aluminiyam, kunye nentsimbi yekhabhoni eyakhiweyo nganye izisa iipropati zabo ezizodwa etafileni. Kodwa ayisosiphelo sebali eso. Iiflange nazo zinokubandakanya izinto ezahlukeneyo zangaphakathi, ukudala into eyaziwa ngokuba “iiflange ezinemigca.” Le ndlela yokuvelisa iphucula ukuhambelana neendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye yandisa umda wezicelo.
ImiGangatho yokuHamba: I-ASME kunye ne-ASTM
Ehlabathini leeflange, ukubambelela kwimigangatho yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Umbutho waseMelika weeNjineli zeMechanical (ASME) kunye noMbutho waseMelika woVavanyo kunye neZixhobo (I-ASTM) seta imilinganiselo yemilinganiselo kunye neempawu eziphathekayo, ngokulandelelanayo.
- I-ASME B16.5: Lo mgangatho uchaza ngokucacileyo imilinganiselo yeeflange, ukuqinisekisa ukufana kulo lonke ishishini. Ziinjineli ezikhokela ikhampasi ekudaleni imidibaniso yeflange elingana njengeglavu.
- Imigangatho yezinto ze-ASTM: Inyathelo le-ASTM ukuze lichaze iimpawu eziphathekayo ezifunekayo imveliso yeflange. Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo akusekho ukudubula ebumnyameni, kodwa isigqibo esinolwazi oluxhaswa yimigangatho engqongqo.
Imbono Ebonakalayo: I-Welding Neck Flange kwi-Focus
Makhe sihlolisise ngakumbi uhlobo oluthile lweflange: iWelding Neck Flange. Khawucinge nge-Welding Neck flange ene-NPS (Ubungakanani bombhobho oqhelekileyo) ye 6, eyeKlasi 150, kunye nokuthobela iShedyuli 40 ye-ASME B16.5. Le flange ngumzekelo woqwalaselo olucokisekileyo kwiinkcukacha eziziswa yimigangatho ye-ASME kwitheyibhile. Nanku umzobo we-mermaid obonisa ubume bayo:
graph TD
A[Flange Face]
B[Hub]
C[Pipe Weld]
D[Flange Neck]
E[Bolt Holes]
A --> B
B --> C
A --> D
B --> E
Ukuxakeka koQhagamshelwano lweFlange eBolted
Ukudityaniswa kwe-bolted flange yi-symphony yamacandelo, ngalinye lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni imfezeko edibeneyo. Uyilo lweFlange, ukhetho lwebholithi, ukhetho gasket, iimeko zenkqubo, ubushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nobume besixhobo esiphakathi - zonke zinegalelo kubuntsonkotha kolu qhagamshelwano. Nangona kunjalo, Ukuvisisana kwe-ensemble kuxhomekeke kwinto enye ebalulekileyo: ulwakhiwo oluchanekileyo oludibeneyo.
Amandla oMkhosi wokuQhosha
Ngena i-mechanics kwinqanaba lokuhlanganisa. Njengoko iiflange kunye neebholiti zihlangana, zenza amandla okubamba - ukubetha kwentliziyo yengqibelelo edibeneyo. Ukufakwa ngokufanelekileyo ngabakhandi abanezakhono kuqinisekisa ukuba lo mandla usasazwa ngokufanayo, ukutywina unxibelelwano ngokugqibeleleyo. Ilungu elingavuziyo limi njengobungqina bobuchule obuchubekileyo ekudlalweni.
Indima yeGasket: Ngaphaya kokucacileyo
Iigaskets, ehlala ebonwa njengomrhanelwa kumalungu avuzayo eflange, tyhila inyaniso enzulu xa uyihlolisisa. Ngaphandle kokulungelelanisa amacandelo ngokugqibeleleyo, impumelelo okanye ukungaphumeleli koxhulumaniso lwe-flange lubotshelelwe ngaphakathi kwindlela iigaskets ezifakwe kwaye zihlanganiswe ngayo. Ngumdaniso ocacileyo wokuchaneka oqinisekisa ukuba i-joint isebenza ngaphandle kwe-hitch.
Ihlabathi Elinokwenzeka: Ngaphaya kweZiseko
Ngelixa iintlobo ze-flange ezikhankanywe ngaphambili zigubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezikhethekileyo ezibonelela ngeemeko ezizodwa:
- Orifice Flange: Yenzelwe ukulinganisa amazinga okuqukuqela, le flange inemingxuma eyenziwe ngoomatshini ngokuchanekileyo ukulungiselela izixhobo zokulinganisa.
- Long Weld Neck Flange: Iyaziwa ngokuba nentamo emide, le flange inciphisa uxinzelelo kwindawo yokudibanisa kwaye iyintandokazi kwiinkqubo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
- I-Expander Flange: Xa utshintsho phakathi kobukhulu bombhobho luyimfuneko, i-expander flange yenza lula inkqubo, ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba ngendlela egudileyo.
- Kukho iflange: Ukudibanisa iimpawu zentamo ye-weld kunye ne-slip-on flange, i-Nipo flange ibonelela ngezinto ezininzi ekufakeni nasekugcineni.
- Ukunciphisa iFlange: Ukujongana nemfuno yotshintsho lwedayamitha, i-flange yokunciphisa idibanisa imibhobho yobukhulu obahlukeneyo ngokungenamthungo.
- I-Pad Flange: Ukufaka izixhobo ezifana nezixhobo zoxinzelelo, i-pad flange inika indawo ezinikeleyo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ingqibelelo yokudibanisa.
Imicimbi yobuso beFlange: Ubugcisa Bokutywina
Ukutywinwa kweGasket kuyinkalo ebalulekileyo echaphazelekayo luhlobo lweflange kunye nobuso bayo. Ngelixa imigangatho mininzi yonxibelelwano lweflange, oogxa babo abadityanisiweyo badla ngokuswela izikhokelo ezinjalo. Kulapho ubuchule bobunjineli bungena khona, ukwenza ukhetho phakathi kokudityaniswa kwe-flange kunye ne-welded isigqibo esibaliweyo.
Ukubetha Ibhalansi: Ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo vs. Ukusebenza
Iifektri ezitsha ziyayeka ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kweflange, kuqwalaselwa izinto ezifana neendleko kunye nokufaneleka kwendawo. Umtsalane we-weld enye edibanisa imibhobho emibini ayinakuphikiswa. Nangona kunjalo, imidibaniso yeflange, ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuvuza kunye nokugquma indawo, zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezingenakuphikiswa. Imveliso ephuculweyo kunye nokunciphisa umsebenzi kwisiza kubenza babe lukhetho olunomtsalane, indlela nganye inika iseti yayo yezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga.
Ukuququmbela
Ihlabathi loqhagamshelwano lwe-flange luyi-labyrinth yokukhetha, nganye ikhokelela kwiseti yeziphumo zayo. Uhambo olusuka ekukhetheni izinto eziphathekayo ukuya kulwakhiwo oludibeneyo yinkqubo ecokisekileyo efuna ulwazi lwengcali kunye nokuchaneka. Ngokuthobela imigangatho, ukuqonda i-nuances yofakelo lwe-gasket, kunye nokusebenzisa amandla okubamba, unxibelelwano lweflange olungavuziyo lube yinyani. Kulo mdaniso untsonkothileyo wobunjineli, yonke indlela