I-flange iyirimu ephumayo noma unqenqema olusetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amapayipi amabili, ama-valve, noma ezinye izinto zokusebenza ndawonye. Ngokuvamile yenziwe ngensimbi futhi yakhelwe ukunikeza uxhumano oluvikelekile nolungavuzi. Ama-Flanges avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamapayipi ukuvumela ukuhlangana nokuhlakazeka kwemishini, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela ukuze zihlolwe, ukuhlanza, kanye nokugcinwa. Afika ngezinhlobo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, futhi ingenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo ukuze ilingane nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Ama-Flanges ayingxenye ebalulekile ezinqubweni eziningi zezimboni, okuhlanganisa uwoyela negesi, ukucubungula kwamakhemikhali, ukukhiqiza amandla, kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi.
Ama-flange ajwayele ukunamathiselwa ekugcineni kwamapayipi noma imishini esebenzisa amabhawudi noma ama-welding. Zenzelwe ukumelana nezingcindezi eziphezulu namazinga okushisa, futhi ngokuvamile zenziwa ngezinto ezifana carbon steel, insimbi engagqwali, noma i-alloy steel. Ama-flange angabuye ambozwe noma afakwe ulayini ngezinto ezifana nerabha noma ipulasitiki ukuze anikeze ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ekulimaleni nasekuguge.. Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwazo ezinhlelweni zamapayipi, ama-flanges nawo asetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa nemboni yezimoto, imboni ye-aerospace, kanye nemboni yezokwakha.
Izinhlobo ze-Flanges
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene flanges, ngayinye inomklamo wayo nenjongo eyingqayizivele. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zama-flange zihlanganisa ama-weld neck flanges, ama-slip-on flanges, ama-socket weld flanges, i-lap joint flanges, ama-flanges anemicu, nama-blind flanges. Ama-weld neck flange aklanyelwe ukushiselwa kuze kube sekupheleni kwepayipi noma ukulingana, futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokucindezela okukhulu. Ama-slip-on flange aklanyelwe ukushelela ekugcineni kwepayipi noma okokufaka, futhi ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezinomfutho ophansi. Ama-socket weld flange afana ne-weld neck flanges, kodwa zibe nebhore elincane futhi zenzelwe ukuthi zishiselwe ngqo epayipini. Ama-Lap joint flange asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni lapho kudingeka khona ukudilizwa njalo, njengoba zingaqondaniswa kalula futhi ziboshwe ndawonye. Ama-flange anemicu anemicu ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-flange, ezivumela ukuthi ziklwelwe epayipini noma ekufakweni. Ama-blind flange asetshenziselwa ukuvala ukuphela kwepayipi noma ukufaka, futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni lapho kulindelwe ukwanda okuzayo.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo ezivamile ze-flanges, kukhona futhi ama-flange akhethekile aklanyelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-orifice flange asetshenziselwa ukukala izinga lokugeleza koketshezi ohlelweni lwamapayipi, kuyilapho izimpumputhe ze-spectacle zisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa izingxenye zesistimu yamapayipi ukuze kugcinwe noma kulungiswe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-flange olusetshenziswayo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ifaniswe kahle nepayipi noma ifakwa ixhunywe kuyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhumana okuvikelekile nokungavuzi..
Flange Materials kanye namazinga
Ama-flange ngokuvamile enziwa ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise ne-carbon steel, insimbi engagqwali, insimbi ye-alloy, nezinye izinsimbi. Ukukhethwa kwezinto kuncike ezidingweni ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza, okuhlanganisa izici ezifana nengcindezi, izinga lokushisa, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nezindleko. Ngaphezu kwezinto eziyisisekelo, ama-flange angabuye ambozwe noma alayishwe ngezinto ezifana nerabha noma ipulasitiki ukuze anikeze ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ekugqwaleni nasekuguge.. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-flange ngokuvamile kulawulwa amazinga emboni afana ne-ASME B16.5 yamapayipi amapayipi nokufakwa okuphekiwe., ezicacisa izilinganiso, ukubekezelelana, izinto zokwakha, kanye nezidingo zokuhlola ama-flange asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamapayipi.
Ngaphezu kwamazinga embonini, kukhona nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ezilawula ukuklanywa nokukhiqizwa kwama-flange. Ngokwesibonelo, i-International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) uthuthukise amazinga afana ne-ISO 7005-1 ama-flange ensimbi kanye ne-ISO 7005-2 ngamaflange ensimbi. Lawa mazinga ahlinzeka ngemihlahlandlela yokuklama, izilinganiso, izinto zokwakha, kanye nezidingo zokuhlola ama-flange asetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokunamathela kulezi zindinganiso, abakhiqizi bangaqinisekisa ukuthi ama-flange abo ahlangabezana nezidingo ezidingekayo zokuphepha, ukusebenza, kanye nokwethembeka.
I-Flange Assembly kanye nokufakwa
Ukuhlanganiswa nokufakwa kwe-Flange kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lwamapayipi. Lapho uhlanganisa uxhumano lwe-flange, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuso be-flange buhlanzekile futhi bukhululekile kunoma yikuphi ukukhubazeka noma ukulimala. Lokhu kungafezwa ngokusebenzisa ibhulashi locingo noma i-abrasive pad ukususa noma yikuphi ukungcola, ukugqwala, noma ukukala kusuka ezindaweni zokukhwelana. Uma ubuso sebuhlanzekile, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-gasket ihambisana kahle nezimbobo ze-bolt ebusweni be-flange. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuqinisekisa uphawu olufanele lapho amabhawodi eqiniswa.
Lapho ufaka uxhumano lwe-flange, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa uhlobo olufanele kanye nosayizi wamabhawudi namantongomane. Amabhawodi kufanele aqiniswe ngokulandelana okuqondile kanye nenani letorque elithile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-gasket icindezelwe kahle nokuthi ukuxhuma akuvuzi.. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amabhawodi aqiniswa ngokulinganayo ukuvimbela ukulayisha okungalingani ku-gasket kanye nokuvuza okungenzeka.. Ngaphezu kwezinqubo ezifanele zokuqinisa amabhawodi, Kubalulekile futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuso be-flange buqondaniswe kahle futhi buhambisana nomunye nomunye ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlanekezela noma ukulimala kwe-gasket..
Izicelo ze-Flange
Ama-Flanges asetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo kuzo zonke izimboni eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Embonini kawoyela negesi, ama-flange asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amapayipi, ama-valve, nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni zokuhluza, izitshalo ze-petrochemical, kanye nezinkundla zokumba ogwini. Embonini yokucubungula amakhemikhali, ama-flange asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma imikhumbi, ama-reactors, amaphampu, nezinye izinto zokusebenza ezimbonini zamakhemikhali nasezikhungweni zokukhiqiza. Embonini yokuphehla ugesi, ama-flange asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izinjini zomusi, ama-boilers, izishintshi zokushisa, nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini zikagesi nasezikhungweni zamandla. Embonini yokuhlanza amanzi, ama-flange asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amapayipi, amaphampu, ama-valve, nezinye izinto zokusebenza ezikhungweni zokuhlanza amanzi kanye nezinhlelo zokusabalalisa amanzi.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zicelo zezimboni, ama-flanges nawo asetshenziswa kwezinye izimboni ezahlukahlukene kanye nezicelo. Ngokwesibonelo, zisetshenziswa embonini yezimoto ukuxhuma amasistimu e-exhaust kanye nezingxenye zenjini, embonini ye-aerospace ukuxhuma izintambo zikaphethiloli kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenzisa amanzi, kanye nasembonini yezokwakha ukuze kuxhunywe izinhlelo ze-HVAC nezinsimbi zamapayipi. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza oluthile, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlobo olulungile lwe-flange lukhethelwa izidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhumana okuvikelekile nokuvuzayo..
Izinkinga Ezivamile Ze-Flange Nezixazululo
Naphezu kokubaluleka kwazo ezinhlelweni zamapayipi, ama-flange angaba nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene ezingaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwawo nokuthembeka. Inkinga eyodwa evamile ukuvuza ekuxhumekeni kwe-flange, okungabangelwa izici ezifana nokukhetha okungalungile kwe-gasket noma ukufakwa, ukuqinisa amabhawodi angalingani, noma ukulimala kobuso be-flange. Ukubhekana nalolu daba, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela uxhumano lwe-flange nganoma yiziphi izimpawu zokuvuza futhi uthathe isinyathelo sokulungisa njengoba kudingeka. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukushintsha i-gasket ngento efanelekile noma umklamo, ukuqinisa kabusha amabhawodi ngokulandelana okuthile kanye nenani letorque, noma ukulungisa noma yimuphi umonakalo ebusweni be-flange.
Enye inkinga evamile ngama-flange ukugqwala noma ukuguguleka kwezindawo zokukhwelana, okungase kuholele ekwehliseni ukusebenza kokuvala kanye nokuvuza okungenzeka. Lokhu kungabangelwa izici ezifana nokuchayeka kumakhemikhali abolayo noma amazinga okugeleza kwesivinini esikhulu ohlelweni lwamapayipi.. Ukubhekana nalolu daba, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinto ze-flange ezimelana nokugqwala noma ukuguguleka, njengensimbi engagqwali noma i-alloy steel. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kudingeke ukuthi kufakwe okokuvikelayo noma ulwelwesi ezindaweni zokukhwelana ze-flange ukuze kuhlinzekwe isivikelo esengeziwe sokugqwala noma ukuguguleka..
Ukugcinwa Kwe-Flange Nokuphepha
Ukugcinwa okufanele kwama-flange kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwawo kwesikhathi eside nokwethembeka ezinhlelweni zamapayipi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa okuvamile kokuxhunywa kwe-flange ukuthola izimpawu zokuvuza, ukugqwala, noma umonakalo, kanye nokuthatha isinyathelo sokulungisa njengoba kudingeka. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amabhawodi aqiniswa kahle ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kugcinwe ukuxhumana okuvikelekile nokungavuzi.. Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yokulungisa njalo, kubalulekile futhi ukulandela imihlahlandlela yokuphepha lapho usebenza nama-flange ukuze ugweme izingozi noma ukulimala.
Lapho usebenza nama-flanges, kubalulekile ukugqoka izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele (I-PPE) njengamagilavu, izibuko zokuphepha, kanye nokuvikelwa kokuzwa ukuze kuvikelwe ezingozini ezingaba khona njengemiphetho ebukhali noma imfucumfucu endizayo. Kubalulekile futhi ukulandela amasu okuphakamisa afanele lapho uphatha ama-flange asindayo noma amakhulu ukuze uvimbele ubunzima noma ukulimala.. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abasebenzi abasebenza ngama-flanges baqeqeshwe kahle mayelana nemikhuba ephephile yokusebenza kanye nezinqubo ukuze kuvinjelwe izingozi noma ukulimala.. Ngokulandela lokhu kucatshangelwa kwesondlo nokuphepha, kungenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-flanges ayaqhubeka nokusebenza ngokuthembekile nangokuphepha ezinhlelweni zamapayipi iminyaka eminingi ezayo.